KONSEP MULTIPLE INTELEGENCES PERSPEKTIF HOWARD GARDNER PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/preschool.v4i2.107Keywords:
Multiple Intelegences, Howard Gardner, Pendidikan Anak Usia DiniAbstract
So far, education only assesses intelligence on one dimension of intelligence. Children can be said to be intelligent if they have high academic achievement based on the use of IQ tests (intelligence qoutient). This view only emphasizes one or two intelligences, namely linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence. Intelligence cannot be measured only based on academic intelligence tests or IQ, but by looking at a person's ability to solve every problem (problem solving) and the ability to create new products that have cultural value (creativity). This research is a library research with descriptive analysis, namely by describing and analyzing theories from various reference sources to find out how multiple intelligences (multiple intelligences) of early childhood according to Howard Gardner in the perspective of Islamic education with a qualitative approach. The results of the study can be seen that: (1) Every child has various intelligence potentials. This potential is brought by children from birth which includes linguistic intelligence, logic-mathematical, visual-spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, and existential. (2) In the view of Islamic education, the main principle in education is holistic education by developing the full potential of children.
ABSTRAK
Selama ini pendidikan hanya menilai kecerdasan pada satu dimensi kecerdasan. Anak dapat dikatakan cerdas apabila ia memiliki prestasi akademik yang tinggi berdasarkan penggunaan tes IQ (intelligence qoutient). Pandangan ini hanya menekankan pada satu atau dua kecerdasan saja yakni kecerdasan linguistik dan logika-matematis. Kecerdasan tidaklah dapat diukur hanya berdasarkan pada tes kecerdasan akademik atau IQ saja, melainkan dengan melihat kemampuan seseorang dalam menyelesaikan setiap permasalahan (problem solving) dan kemampuan dalam menciptakan produk baru yang memiliki nilai budaya (creativity). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan bentuk deskriptif analisis yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa teori dari berbagai sumber referensi untuk mengetahui bagaimana kecerdasan majemuk (multiple intelligences) anak usia dini menurut Howard Gardner dalam perspektif pendidikan Islam dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa: (1) Setiap anak memiliki potensi kecerdasan yang beragam. Potensi ini dibawa anak sejak lahir yakni meliputi kecerdasan linguistik, logika-matematis, visual spasial, musikal, kinestetik, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalis, dan eksistensial. (2) Dalam pandangan pendidikan Islam prinsip utama dalam pendidikan ialah pendidikan holistik dengan mengembangakan keseluruhan potensi anak.
References
Ardiana, R. (2022). Pembelajaran Berbasis Kecerdasan Majemuk dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Murhum : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37985/murhum.v3i1.65
Arifin, Z., Aqsho, M., & Suyani, E. (2023). Konsep Hereditas dalam Pembentukan Karakter Anak Menurut Persepsi Islam dan Psikologi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional : Pendidikan Islam Berkeadaban II. Medan: Universitas Dharmawangsa Medan.
Chatib, M. (2012). Orangtuanya Manusia: Melejitkan Potensi dan Kecerdasan dengan Menghargai Fitrah Setiap Anak. Bandung: Kaifa.
Fadhli, M. (2015). PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS VIDEO KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR. Jurnal Dimensi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24269/dpp.v3i1.157
Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. In Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York, NY, US: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (2013). Multiple Intelegences. Jakarta: Daras Books.
Hasanah, U. (2016). Pengembangan Kecerdasan Jamak Pada Anak Usia Dini. ThufuLA: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Guru Raudhatul Athfal, 4(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/thufula.v4i1.1938
Helmawati. (2015). Mengenal dan Memahami PAUD. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Hendrik, J. (2020). Perancangan Aplikasi Tes Psikologi Kecerdasan Majemuk Menggunakan Howard Gardner’s Theory Of Multiple Intelligences Dengan Microsoft Visual Basic .Net. Jurnal TIMES, 8(1), 54–62.
Hidayah, R. N. (2016). No TitlePenerapan Strategi Multiple Intellegences Perspektif Howard Gardner Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Indonesia. Al Mabsut : Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Sosial, 10(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56997/almabsut.v10i1.114
Masdudi, M. (2017). Konsep Pembelajaran Multiple Intelligences Bagi Anak Usia Dini. AWLADY : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 3(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v3i2.1362
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Arizona: Sage Publications.
Pradana, L. N. (2016). E-Learning pada Pembelajaran Geometri dan Hubungannya dengan Kecerdasan Majemuk. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Menjadi Guru Inspirator.” Purwokerto: Prodi PGSD FKIP-Univesitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
Ratnasari, S., Supardi, S., & Nasrul, H. (2020). Kecerdasan Intelektual, Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Spiritual, dan Kecerdasan Linguistik Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Journal of Applied Business Administration, 4(2 SE-Articles), 98–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v4i2.1981
Sa’diyah, Z. (2017). Menumbuhkembangkan Kecerdasan Majemuk Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Quantum Teaching Dan Learning. AT-THULLAB: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 1(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v1i1.74
Surayin. (2001). Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia. Bandung: Yrama Widya.
Ulinnuha, A. (2019). Konsep Multiple Intellegences Menurut Howard Gardner dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara.
Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. , Pub. L. No. 20 (2003). Indonesia.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Alfiatun Nisaa' Khirah Zaafirah, Herman Herman, Rusmayadi Rusmayadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
